Recommendations for standardized naming of targets, organs at risk and dose-volume metrics. Section 9 sets out the DVH-metric nomenclature DoseLab follows: Vx (volume receiving at least dose x), Dx (minimum dose to the hottest sub-volume x), CVx and DCx (the "cold" complements), output units in square brackets (Gy or % of prescription; cc or % of the structure), and an EQD2Gy unit with the α/β written in parentheses — for example D90%(10)[EQD2Gy]. Section 10 asks that DVH metrics say whether a lower-dose PTV is segmented (excludes the higher-dose PTV) or not. Read in the AAPM report PDF.
Vx
The volume of a structure receiving at least dose x — written with its units, such as V20Gy[%] for the percentage of lung receiving 20 Gy or more.
What is it?
Vx is the volume of a structure that receives a dose of x or more. AAPM TG-263, the nomenclature standard, writes it with both units spelled out: the dose that defines it, and the units of the answer in square brackets. Its own example: V20Gy[%] is the percentage of the lung volume receiving 20 Gy or more.
Vx has a mirror image, Dx (or Dv): the minimum dose received by the hottest part of the structure of a given size. D95%[Gy] is the dose that 95% of the structure receives or exceeds. Vx reads the cumulative DVH from the dose axis; Dx reads it from the volume axis.
TG-263 also names the "cold" versions. CVx is the volume receiving x or less — for liver SBRT, CV15Gy[cc] is the absolute volume receiving 15 Gy or less — and DCx is the maximum dose received by the coolest sub-volume of a given size.
Why does it matter?
Many organ-at-risk limits are written as Vx or Dx values, so these are numbers you will check on almost every plan. The details matter:
- Gy or %. V95% means the volume receiving 95% of the prescription; V95Gy means 95 Gy. TG-263's % of dose refers to the prescription of the high-dose PTV.
- cc or %. V20Gy[%] and V20Gy[cc] are different limits. A percentage depends on how much of the organ was contoured; an absolute volume does not.
- "At least" or "at most". A critical-volume (CV) limit protects a minimum amount of functioning organ. The UT Southwestern tables (Timmerman 2022) list parallel tissues by a critical volume and a critical-volume dose, rather than by a maximum.
How is it evaluated?
Find the structure's cumulative DVH.
For a Vx limit, go to dose x on the horizontal axis and read the volume — in the units the limit uses.
For a Dx limit, go to volume x on the vertical axis and read the dose.
For a CV limit, read the volume receiving the dose or less. To use a CV limit as a conventional DVH-based optimization objective, the NRG lung SBRT template converts it:
Vthreshold dose[%] < [1 − (Vcritical ÷ Vtotal)] × 100%
Limits themselves are protocol- and fractionation-specific. DoseLab's constraint tables list them with their sources — use the Constraint Finder.
The Dose Conversion Tools convert between cc and percent of a structure, and turn a critical-volume objective into a Vx[%] limit.
Example
Dv = minimum dose to the hottest volume v e.g. D95%[Gy], D0.1cc[Gy]
CVx = volume receiving ≤ x e.g. CV15Gy[cc]
The NRG lung SBRT template's own worked example of the conversion: for a CV12.5Gy[cc] objective of more than 1500 cc and a total lung volume of 4000 cc, the matching objective is V12.5Gy[%] < [1 − (1500 ÷ 4000)] × 100%, or less than 62.5%.
Authoritative resources
The template NRG Oncology gives investigators for writing the radiation section of a lung SBRT trial. Its imaging section allows PET/CT or MRI for structure definition, asks that the images be registered accurately to the planning scan (following AAPM TG-132 for deformable registration), notes that PET may be needed to separate tumor from atelectasis or fibrosis, and suggests an extra margin when a fused image is the primary image for the GTV. Its target and planning sections (5.2.4 and 5.2.6–5.2.8) define the plan-quality measures for lung SBRT trials: the prescription as the dose covering 95% of the PTV, a D99% requirement, R100% (prescription isodose volume ÷ PTV), R50% (50% prescription isodose volume ÷ PTV) and D2cm (maximum dose at 2 cm from the PTV in any direction, as a percentage of the prescription), with a table of allowable dose spillage by PTV volume. It describes a 20 mm PTV expansion structure used to control intermediate dose spillage, asks that dose above 105% of prescription be avoided outside the PTV, describes a deliberately heterogeneous dose with the hotspot in the central GTV, defines the maximum dose on a 0.03 cc volume, and ranks planning priorities when target coverage and organ limits conflict.
An editorial history of the UT Southwestern SABR constraint tables — often called the “Timmerman tables” — covering how they were developed and revised, and their relationship to AAPM TG-101 and NRG/RTOG protocols. Tables 2–11 separate serial tissues (listed with a volume, a volume max and a max point dose) from parallel tissues (listed with a critical volume and a critical-volume dose max). In Tables 2–7 a footnote defines “point” as ≤0.035 cm³; Tables 8–11 add a contouring-instructions column for each structure.
TPS guidance
Step-by-step guidance planned. Added only once verified.
Step-by-step guidance planned. Added only once verified.